Abdominal Ultrasound Scan Test
An Abdominal Ultrasound Test can be conducted to scan for a number of conditions. It can be performed to enquire for an abdominal aortic aneurysm. Abdominal aortic aneurysm is a depleted, bulging spot in your abdominal aorta- the artery that is stretched through the center of your abdomen and is responsible for supplying blood to the lower half of human body. An abdominal ultrasound may also be required to investigate for other diseases that affect your gallbladder, liver, kidneys and pancreas.

Creatinine Test
Creatinine refers to a waste produced by body's muscle metabolism and to some extent by consuming meat. Healthy kidneys filter creatinine and other waste materials from your blood. The filtered waste products leave your body in the form of urine. A serum creatinine analysis measures the level of creatinine in body's blood stream and provides an assessment of how healthy are your kidneys' filters.

Cryotherapy
Cryotherapy for prostate cancer chokes prostate tissue, resulting cancer cells to die gradually. As a minimally invasive procedure, cryotherapy is often used as a substitute of surgical extraction of the prostate gland (prostatectomy).

Cystoscopy
Cystoscopy is a process used to examine the inside of your urinary bladder and urethra- the channel that carries urinal waste from the bladder outside of your body. Under the cystoscopy procedure, the doctor inserts a hollow tube (cystoscope) that includes a lens to delicately inspect the lining of your bladder and urethra. The cystoscope is implanted inside the urethra and carefully pushed into your bladder.

Hormone Therapy
Hormone Therapy is a procedure to block your male hormone testosterone from reaching the prostate cancer cells. Hormone therapy is also known androgen deprivation therapy. The majority of prostate cancer cells depend upon testosterone to enhance their growth. Hormone therapy breaks the supply of testosterone or blocks testosterone from reaching the prostate cancer cells, causing them to deplete or reduces its growth.

Intravenous Pyelogram
Intravenous Pyelogram (PIE-uh-loh-gram), also known as excretory urogram, is an X-ray investigation of the urinary tract. An intravenous pyelogram helps the doctor to view your kidneys, bladder and the tubes that transfer urinal waste from the kidneys to the ureters. Intravenous pyelogram might be employed to diagnose conditions that harm the urinary tract for example, a kidney stone, bladder stones, expanded prostate, urinary tract tumors or kidney cysts.

Microalbumin Test
A Microalbumin Test is an investigation to identify very small levels of a blood protein (albumin) generated in your urine. This test is used to check for early signs of kidney disorders in patients who have a high risk of kidney conditions. Microalbumin test is recommended for patients with increased chances of kidney conditions, such as people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes or high BP.

Open Prostatectomy
Open prostatectomy is a surgical procedure performed to treat urinary disorders induced by an enlarged prostate, a disorder known as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Open simple prostatectomy is mostly advised for men suffering from serious urinary symptoms and/or an enlarged prostate. Open prostatectomy does not eliminate the entire prostate, like a prostate cancer surgery, but removes only the obstructive section of your prostate that restricts the flow of urine.

Penile Implants
Open Prostatectomy is a surgical procedure performed to treat urinary disorders induced by an enlarged prostate, a disorder known as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Open simple prostatectomy is mostly advised for men suffering from serious urinary symptoms and/or an enlarged prostate. Open prostatectomy does not eliminate the entire prostate, like a prostate cancer surgery, but removes only the obstructive section of your prostate that restricts the flow of urine.

Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy(nef-roe-lih-THOT-uh-me)
Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy is the process used to extract kidney stones from your body when they fail to flow out on their own. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy requires small telescopes and devices inserted through a small opening in your back for extracting the kidney stones.

Prostate Biopsy
Prostate Biopsy is the process of removing samples of harmful tissue from your prostate. The prostate gland is a small, walnut-shaped gland in males which produces fluid that supports and carries sperm.

Prostate Laser Surgery
Prostate Laser Surgery is used to cure moderate to severe urinary illness caused due to an enlarged prostate, also known as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

Testicular Exam
The testicular exam is an investigation of the feel and appearance of the testicles. People can do a testicular exam themselves, generally in front of a mirror. A routine testicular exam is recommended to give you a better understanding of the functioning of your testicles and lets you know if any changes occur. It may also aid you in identifying possible testicular conditions.

Transurethral Incision of the Prostate
Transurethral Incision of the Prostate (TUIP) is a form of prostate surgical procedure performed to cure moderate to severe urinary disorders induced by prostate enlargement, also known as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

Transurethral Microwave Therapy
Transurethral Microwave Therapy (TUMT) is an out-houseprogram to relieve urinary conditions grown due to an enlarged prostate, a disorder called benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). It is used less now as compared to the past and has been substituted by advanced procedures.

Transurethral Needle Ablation
Transurethral Needle Ablation (TUNA)- the procedure used for outpatient treatment to cure urinary illness developed by an enlarged prostate, a disorder also known as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). This procedure is also commonly known radio frequency ablation or RF therapy.

Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP)
TURP is a kind of prostate surgery performed to treat minor to major urinary disorders caused due to an enlarged prostate which is termed as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

Urinalysis
It includes investigating the concentration, appearance and content of urinal waste. Abnormal urinal test results may indicate towards a disorder or illness. Such a urinary tract infection may produce urine that looks cloudy and is not clear. An increase in levels of protein in urinal waste can be a sign of abnormal kidney conditions.

Vasectomy
Vasectomy is a type of birth control for males that blocks the flow of sperm to the semen. It involves cutting and then sealing the channel that carries sperm. Vasectomy involves a lower rate of risks and can also be executed on an out-house patient under the influence of local anesthesia.

Urology, to define in simple terms, is a branch of medical science that deals with the health and functionality of the urinary tract and the reproductive system of both men and women. The department is typically responsible for diagnosis and treatment of medical conditions, infections, and diseases which trigger in the organs that fall under this arm.

Urinary System Related Diseases
Lifestyle changes and bad eating habits are two main reasons behind the onset of a wide variety of problems in the urinary system of the body. Some chronic diseases related to urinary system are as follows:-

Urinary Incontinence
Urinary Incontinence is a much underrated and underdiagnosed problem that usually increases with age. It affects nearly 50 to 80% of elderly individuals, and its implications are practically twice in case of women that in men. There are four types of incontinences which a person is likely to suffer. These are stress, urge, mixed and functional urinary incontinence.

Pelvic Organ Prolapse
It is a condition wherein a pelvic organ, for instance, the bladder drops or prolapses from its original place and pushes against the walls of the vagina. It usually occurs when the muscles that hold the pelvic organ stretch out or become weak due to surgery or after the birth of a child. Other organs that can prolapse include urethra, uterus, vagina, small bowel, and rectum.

Fistulas
A Fistulas is a hole or passage that develops between two organs of the body or an organ and the skin of the body. There are four types of fistula conditions that an individual is prone to suffer. These are vesicovaginal, vesicouterine, vesicocutaneous and urethral fistula. These are usually treated through surgical methods only.

Congenital Anomalies
Some inhered abnormalities can widely affect the functionality of the urinary system of the body. These include vaginal agenesis wherein a woman faces difficulty in having a sexual intercourse and carry a baby; imperforate hymen wherein a hymen without an opening obstructs the vagina and disrupts it from perforating during fetal development; and a vaginal septum that divides the vagina into two sections. The problems can be fixed and do not pose many risks. However, following the instructions of the doctor post treatment is highly recommended.

Urology Treatments
There are many conventional and contemporary treatments available with medical science today that help treat the diseases mentioned above and conditions in an efficient manner.

• Pelvic floor reduction - This helps in strengthening the pelvic floor muscles and improving bladder and bowel control.
• Biofeedback - This technique makes use of sensors attached the body to measure the essential bodily functions and gain control over their activity.
• Urge suppression drill - This method aids in improving poor bladder habits such as urinating at the very first urge to urinate and much more.
• Relaxation Techniques - This helps combat stress and keep away problems from triggering inside the body.
• Pessary for Prolapse - Pessary is a kind of device that helps in reducing the symptoms of prolapses to a great extent.

The field of medical science today has a plethora of contemporary treatments that can help cure a broad spectrum of urinary diseases. Some of the most effective treatments are as follows:-

• Vaginal reconstructive surgeries such as Mesh augmented repairs, simple fascial repairs, Sacrospinous ligament fixation, etc.
• Miduretheral/Pubovaginal slings
• Vaginal/Abdominal hysterectomies
• Minimally invasive (Robotic/Laparoscopic) reconstructive surgeries
• Fascial grafts
• Abdominal reconstructive surgeries
• Steroid/Botulinum toxin injections

Cystectomy, nephrectomy, and urethroplasty too are popular treatment methods used for effective treatments against an array of urinary tract and reproductive system related infection, diseases, and conditions.